Geografía básica del Reino Unido e Irlanda
Aquí se describen y aclaran conceptos básicos de la geografía y política del Reino Unido e Irlanda, ya que se es muy habitual no conocerlos o utilizarlos inadecuadamente. La mayoría de los textos proceden de Wikipedia.
Aquí se describen y aclaran conceptos básicos de la geografía y política del Reino Unido e Irlanda, ya que se es muy habitual no conocerlos o utilizarlos inadecuadamente. La mayoría de los textos proceden de Wikipedia.
City of London
La Ciudad de Londres (City of London) es solo una parte del Gran Londres (Greater London)
The City of London is a city within London. The City constituted most of London from its settlement by the Romans in the 1st century AD to the Middle Ages, but the conurbation has since grown far beyond its borders. As the City's boundaries have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages, it is now only a tiny part of the metropolis of Greater London, though it remains a notable part of central London. It holds city status in its own right and is also a separate ceremonial county.
Greater London
El Gran Londres está formado por la Ciudad de Londres más 32 municipios
Greater London is an administrative area, ceremonial county and the London region of England. It was created on 1 April 1965, comprising the City of London and 32 London boroughs, of which 12 are Inner London and 20 Outer London boroughs.
La Autoridad del Gran Londres está formada por el Alcalde y la Asamblea
The Greater London Authority (GLA) is the top-tier administrative body for Greater London, England. It consists of a directly elected executive Mayor of London, currently Boris Johnson, and an elected 25-member London Assembly with scrutiny powers. The authority was established in 2000, following a local referendum.
Regions of England
Inglaterra está dividida en 9 regiones, siendo una de ellas el Gran Londres
In England, the region is the highest tier of sub-national division used by the central government. Between 1994 and 2011, nine regions had officially devolved functions within UK Government. While they no longer fulfil this role, they continue to be used for some administrative purposes.
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Great Britain, Britain
Políticamente, Gran Bretaña está formada por Inglaterra, Gales y Escocia.
Geográficamente, Gran Bretaña es la mayor de las Islas Británicas.
Gran Bretaña no incluye ni la Isla de Man ni las Islas del Canal.
Great Britain, also known as Britain, is the largest island of the United Kingdom. Politically, Great Britain refers to England, Scotland and Wales in combination, but not Northern Ireland; it includes islands such as the Isle of Wight, Anglesey, the Isles of Scilly, the Hebrides and the island groups of Orkney and Shetland. It does not include the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands, which as self-governing dependent territories with their own legislative and taxation systems are not part of the United Kingdom
The United Kingdom
El Reino Unido está formado por la Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte
The United Kingdom is made up of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The official name "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" came into use in 1922 after the constitution of the Irish Free State (1922-1937), the former name of the Republic of Ireland.
The Isle of Man and the Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey are not part of Great Britain, they are not part of the United Kingdom and neither are they part of the European Union. They are self-governing British Crown dependencies.
British
El término “británico” se usa indistintamente para referirse a Gran Bretaña o al Reino Unido
The adjective "British" is, of course, used in relation to Great Britain but there is also a common tendency to use it when referring to issues relating to both Great Britain and the United Kingdom. This is inaccurate and from a legal point of view erroneous. Sometimes, however, in legislation the term "British" is used to refer to the United Kingdom as a whole, especially in matters relating to the question of nationality.
The British Islands
“The British Islands” es una denominación política que engloba el Reino Unido, la Isla de Man y las Islas del Canal.
The expression "British Islands" has been defined in the Interpretation Act 1978 as meaning the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. The Republic of Ireland is not included in this definition.
The British Isles
“The British Isles” es un término geográfico, y lo forman dos islas principales (Gran Bretaña e Irlanda) la Isla de Man y las Islas del Canal.
The expression "British Isles" is geographical and not political. They are a group of islands off the northwest coast of Europe consisting of Great Britain, the whole of Ireland, the Isle of Man, and the Channel Islands.
Úlster
El Úlster está formado 9 condados: 6 de ellos constituyen la actual Irlanda del Norte y otros 3 pertenecen a la República de Irlanda
Six of Ulster's nine counties, Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry and Tyrone, including the former parliamentary boroughs of Belfast and Londonderry, form Northern Ireland which remained part of the United Kingdom after the partition of Ireland in 1921. Three Ulster counties – Cavan, Donegal and Monaghan – form part of the Republic of Ireland.
Isle of Wight
La Isla de Wight es parte de Inglaterra, de Gran Bretaña, del Reino Unido y de la UE
Isle of Man
La Isla de Man es una Dependencia de la Corona Británica con Gobierno Autónomo. No es parte ni de Gran Bretaña, ni del Reino Unido ni de la UE.
The Isle of Man, otherwise known simply as Mann, is a self-governing British Crown Dependency, located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is represented by a Lieutenant Governor, but its foreign relations and defence are the responsibility of the British Government.
Channel Islands
Las Islas del Canal son Dependencias de la Corona Británica con Gobierno Autónomo. No es parte ni de Gran Bretaña, ni del Reino Unido ni de la UE.
The Channel Islands are an archipelago of British Crown Dependencies in the English Channel, off the French coast of Normandy. They include two separate bailiwicks: the Bailiwick of Guernsey and the Bailiwick of Jersey. They are considered the remnants of the Duchy of Normandy, and are not part of the United Kingdom. They have a total population of about 168,000 and their respective capitals, Saint Peter Port and Saint Helier, have populations of 16,488 and 33,500. The total area of the islands is 194 km2.
The Bailiwicks have been administered separately since the late 13th century; common institutions are the exception rather than the rule. The two Bailiwicks have no common laws, no common elections, and no common representative body (although their politicians consult regularly).
Hebrides
Las Islas Hébridas son un archipiélago perteneciente a Escocia
The Hebrides comprise a widespread and diverse archipelago off the west coast of mainland Scotland. There are two main groups: the Inner and Outer Hebrides. These islands have a long history of occupation dating back to the Mesolithic and the culture of the residents has been affected by the successive influences of Celtic, Norse and English-speaking peoples. This diversity is reflected in the names given to the islands, which are derived from the languages that have been spoken there in historic and perhaps prehistoric times.
Orkney
Las Islas Orkney son un archipiélago perteneciente a Escocia
Orkney also known as the Orkney Islands,is an archipelago in northern Scotland, 16 kilometres (10 mi) north of the coast of Caithness. Orkney comprises approximately 70 islands, of which 20 are inhabited. The largest island, known as the "Mainland" has an area of 523.25 square kilometres (202 sq mi) making it the sixth largest Scottish island and the tenth-largest island in the British Isles. The largest settlement and administrative centre is Kirkwall.
Shetland
Las Islas Shetland son un archipiélago subártico perteneciente a Escocia
Shetland, also called the Shetland Islands, is a subarctic archipelago of Scotland that lies north-east of mainland Britain. The islands lie some 80 km (50 mi) to the northeast of Orkney and 280 km (170 mi) southeast of the Faroe Islands and form part of the division between the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the North Sea to the east. The total area is 1,468 km2 (567 sq mi) and the population totalled 23,167 in 2011. Comprising the Shetland constituency of the Scottish Parliament, Shetland is also one of the 32 council areas of Scotland; the islands' administrative centre and only burgh is Lerwick.
Falkland Islands
Las Islas Malvinas son un Territorio Británico de Ultramar
The Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas) are an archipelago located in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Patagonian Shelf. The principal islands are about 300 miles (500 kilometres) east of the Patagonian coast at a latitude of about 52°S. The archipelago, which has an area of 4,700 square miles (12,173 square kilometres), comprises East Falkland, West Falkland, and 776 smaller islands. As a British overseas territory, the islands enjoy a large degree of internal self-governance, with the United Kingdom guaranteeing good governance and taking responsibility for their defence and foreign affairs. The islands' capital is Stanley on East Falkland.
Gibraltar
Gibraltar es un Territorio Británico de Ultramar, bajo la jurisdicción y soberanía del Reino Unido, pero no forma parte de él. Tampoco forma parte de la UE.
Gibraltar is a British Overseas Territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean. It has an area of 2.6 square miles (6.7 km2) and a northern border with the Province of Cádiz in Andalusia, Spain.
The fourteen British Overseas Territories are territories under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom. They do not, however, form part of it. Instead, they are those parts of the former British Empire that have not acquired independence, or, unlike the Commonwealth realms, have voted to remain British territories. While each has its own internal leadership, most being self-governing, they share the British monarch (Queen Elizabeth II) as head of state.
The Queen Elisabeth II
Es la reina de 16 Estados
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states, known as the Commonwealth realms, and their territories and dependencies, and head of the 53-member Commonwealth of Nations. She is Supreme Governor of the Church of England and, in some of her realms, carries the additional title of Defender of the Faith.
Isabel II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; Londres, 21 de abril de 1926) es la actual monarca parlamentaria de dieciséis Estados soberanos conocidos como Reinos de la Mancomunidad de Naciones: el Reino Unido, Canadá, Australia, Nueva Zelanda, Jamaica,Barbados, Bahamas, Granada, Papúa Nueva Guinea, Islas Salomón, Tuvalu, Santa Lucía, San Vicente y las Granadinas, Belice,Antigua y Barbuda y San Cristóbal y Nieves. También, es la principal figura política de los cincuenta y cuatro países miembros de la Mancomunidad de Naciones. En su rol específico como monarca del Reino Unido es a su vez la gobernadora suprema de la Iglesia de Inglaterra. Su papel político abarca grandes áreas, tiene funciones constitucionales significativas y actúa como foco de la unidad nacional de los británicos y como representante de su nación ante el mundo.
The Commonwealth
La Commonwealth está formada por 53 países
The Commonwealth of Nations, commonly known as the Commonwealth (formerly, the British Commonwealth), is an intergovernmental organisation of 53 member states that were mostly territories of the former British Empire. The Commonwealth operates by intergovernmental consensus of the member states, organised through the Commonwealth Secretariat, and non-governmental organisations, organised through the Commonwealth Foundation.
La Mancomunidad de Naciones, en el pasado Mancomunidad Británica de Naciones (en inglés, Commonwealth of Nations, antiguamente British Commonwealth of Nations) es una organización compuesta por 53 paísesindependientes y semi-independientes que, con la excepción de Mozambique y Ruanda,1 comparten lazos históricos con el Reino Unido. Su principal objetivo es la cooperación internacional en el ámbito político y económico, y desde 1950 la pertenencia a ella no implica sumisión alguna hacia la corona británica. Con el ingreso de Mozambique la organización ha favorecido el término Mancomunidad de Naciones (en inglés, Commonwealth of Nations) para subrayar su carácter internacionalista. Sin embargo, el adjetivo británico se sigue utilizando con frecuencia para diferenciarla de otras mancomunidades existentes a nivel internacional. La reina Isabel II del Reino Unido es la cabeza de la organización, según los principios de la Mancomunidad, "símbolo de la libre asociación de sus miembros"
